rival

英['ra?vl] 美['ra?vl]

反義詞ally

復數:?rivals;第三人稱單數:?rivals;過去式:?rivalled;過去分詞:?rivalled;現在分詞:?rivalling;

1. 河流的兩岸 => 對峙、敵手、對手 => 就像撕裂的東西而形成的對峙。
2. 同源：river, rival, rive, ...

rival 競爭者

來自拉丁語 rivalis,鄰居，對手，競爭者，來自 rivus,溪流，河谷，來自 PIE*reie,流動，流水，奔跑，詞源同 run,Rhine.

rival: rival: [16] A rival is etymologically ‘someone who uses the same stream as another’. The word comes from Latin rīvālis, a noun use of an adjective meaning ‘of a stream’, derived from rīvus ‘stream’ (source of English derive). People who use or live by the same stream are neighbours and hence, human nature being as it is, are usually in competition with each other – hence rival.
=> derive
rival (n.): 1570s, from Latin rivalis "a rival, adversary in love; neighbor," originally, "of the same brook," from rivus "brook" (see rivulet). "One who is in pursuit of the same object as another." The sense evolution seems to be based on the competitiveness of neighbors: "one who uses the same stream," or "one on the opposite side of the stream" A secondary sense in Latin and sometimes in English was "associate, companion in duty," from the notion of "one having a common right or privilege with another." As an adjective 1580s from the noun.
rival (v.): c. 1600, from rival (n.). Related: Rivaled; rivaling.

1. Leaders of some rival factions signed a peace agreement last week.: 上周，一些敵對派系領導人簽訂了和平協議。

2. The national tragedy of rival groups killing each other continued throughout 1990.: 敵對派別相互殘殺的國家悲劇1990年全年都在上演。

4. That would make the competition between rival suppliers even deadlier.: 那將使得對立供應商之間的競爭更加你死我活。

5. Violent scuffles broke out between rival groups demonstrating for and against independence.: 支持和反對獨立的兩支游行隊伍間爆發了激烈的沖突。