sore

英文詞源

sore

sore: [OE] Sore comes from a prehistoric Germanic *sairaz ‘painful, pained’, which was related to Irish Gaelic sāeth ‘affliction, sickness’ and possibly Latin saevus ‘fierce’. It was borrowed into Finnish as sairas ‘ill’. The adverbial use of sore as an intensive (as in ‘sore afraid’) has now died out, but it survives in the related German sehr ‘very’. The word’s ancestral connotations were of mental as well as physical pain, and while sore has preserved the latter, the derivative sorry has kept to the former.
=> sorry

sore (adj.)

Old English sar "painful, grievous, aching, sad, wounding," influenced in meaning by Old Norse sarr "sore, wounded," from Proto-Germanic *saira- "suffering, sick, ill" (cognates: Old Frisian sar "painful," Middle Dutch seer, Dutch zeer "sore, ache," Old High German ser "painful," Gothic sair "pain, sorrow, travail"), from PIE root *sai- (1) "suffering" (cognates: Old Irish saeth "pain, sickness").

Adverbial use (as in sore afraid) is from Old English sare but has mostly died out (replaced by sorely), but remains the main meaning of German cognate sehr "very." Slang meaning "angry, irritated" is first recorded 1738.

sore (n.)

Old English sar "bodily pain or injury, wound; sickness, disease; state of pain or suffering," from root of sore (adj.). Now restricted to ulcers, boils, blisters. Compare Old Saxon ser "pain, wound," Middle Dutch seer, Dutch zeer, Old High German ser, Old Norse sar, Gothic sair.