soldier

英['s??ld??] 美['sold??]

復數:?soldiers;

soldier 戰士，士兵

來自古法語 soldier,來自拉丁語 soldarius,戰士，領軍餉者，來自 solidus,古羅馬金幣，詞源同 solid,完整的，純的，純金的。

soldier: soldier: [13] The etymological idea underlying the word soldier is the ‘pay’ received by mercenary soldiers. It was borrowed from Old French soudier or soldier, a derivative of soulde ‘pay’. This in turn went back to Latin solidus, a term used for an ancient Roman gold coin; it was short for nummus solidus, literally ‘solid coin’.
=> solid
soldier (n.): c. 1300, souder, from Old French soudier, soldier "one who serves in the army for pay," from Medieval Latin soldarius "a soldier" (source also of Spanish soldado, Italian soldato), literally "one having pay," from Late Latin soldum, extended sense of accusative of Latin solidus, name of a Roman gold coin (see solidus).

The -l- has been regular in English since mid-14c., in imitation of Latin. Willie and Joe always say sojer in the Bill Mauldin cartoons, and this seems to mirror 16c.-17c. spellings sojar, soger, sojour. Modern French soldat is borrowed from Italian and displaced the older French word; one of many military (and other) terms picked up during the Italian Wars in early 16c.; such as alert, arsenal, colonel, infantrie, sentinel.

Old slang names for military men circa early 19c. include mud-crusher "infantryman," cat-shooter "volunteer," fly-slicer "cavalryman," jolly gravel-grinder "marine."
soldier (v.): "to serve as a soldier," 1640s, from soldier (n.). Related: Soldiered; soldiering. To soldier on "persist doggedly" is attested from 1954.

1. Just what the soldier was doing in Bireij is unclear.: 就連那個士兵在比雷杰干什么都不清楚。

2. Jacob Sinclair met his death at the hands of a soldier.: 雅各布·辛克萊在一名士兵的手里送了命。

3. George Fraser was clearly a good soldier, calm and resilient.: 喬治·弗雷澤顯然是個好士兵，沉著冷靜且適應力強。

4. A soldier was arrested after running amok with a vehicle through Berlin.: 一名士兵在瘋狂飆車穿越柏林后被逮捕。